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Explain about Oligomenorrhea .... ? " munipalli akshay paul "
Oligomenorrhea is a medical term used to describe infrequent or irregular menstrual periods. It refers specifically to menstrual cycles that occur more than 35 days apart but less than 6 months apart. It is considered a form of abnormal uterine bleeding and can be a symptom of various hormonal or systemic conditions.
Definition
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Normal menstrual cycle: 21 to 35 days
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Oligomenorrhea: Menstrual cycles longer than 35 days apart (fewer than 9 periods per year)
Common Causes
Hormonal Causes:
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – most common cause
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Thyroid dysfunction (hypo- or hyperthyroidism)
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Hyperprolactinemia – elevated prolactin levels
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Perimenopause – hormonal fluctuations before menopause
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Premature ovarian insufficiency – early loss of ovarian function
Lifestyle/Other Causes:
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Excessive exercise (e.g., in athletes)
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Eating disorders or extreme weight loss
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Chronic stress
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Certain medications (e.g., hormonal contraceptives, antipsychotics)
Symptoms (besides infrequent periods)
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Acne or excess facial/body hair (if related to PCOS or androgen excess)
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Weight changes
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Fatigue
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Mood changes
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Breast discharge (in prolactin-related cases)
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Difficulty getting pregnant (due to infrequent ovulation)
Diagnosis
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Detailed menstrual history
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Blood tests: Hormone levels (FSH, LH, estrogen, testosterone, TSH, prolactin)
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Pelvic ultrasound: To check for PCOS or structural abnormalities
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BMI and lifestyle assessment
Treatment
Depends on the underlying cause and whether fertility is a concern:
Lifestyle modifications:
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Weight gain (if underweight)
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Weight loss and exercise (if PCOS or overweight)
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Stress reduction
Medications:
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Hormonal contraceptives: To regulate cycles
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Metformin: For insulin resistance in PCOS
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Thyroid or prolactin medications: If those hormones are imbalanced
Fertility treatment (if desired):
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Ovulation induction with medications like clomiphene or letrozole
Why It Matters
Irregular periods can indicate underlying health issues and may increase the risk of:
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Infertility
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Endometrial hyperplasia or cancer (due to unopposed estrogen)
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Metabolic disorders (in PCOS).
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